The skin microbiota, which includes a wide range of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, is complex and dynamic and underpins skin physiology and immunity. The effects of skin parasites such as mites, fleas, and lice on the host are mechanical irritation (e.g., trichomonas and pinworm dermatitis), the effects of parasite toxicity products (e.g., inflammatory reactions such as erythema caused by insect toxins), and immune reactions (e.g., skin erythema, urticaria, and fever caused by parasite infections). Interactions between skin microbes, skin parasites, and hosts can be anywhere on the continuum between commensalism and pathogenicity. Skin parasite-host-microbe interactions are highly dependent on the parasite and the environment, including immune activation status, host genetic susceptibility, barrier status, microbial localization, parasite-host interactions, and parasite-microbe interactions.

At present, the mechanisms of skin parasite-host-microbial interactions are still unclear. Elucidating the mechanisms of their interactions can provide insight into parasite-skin-microbe interactions and provide a theoretical basis for the development of effective antiparasitic microecological agents. Ace Therapeutics provides a one-stop integrated technical service for studying intestinal skin parasite-flora-host interactions, aiming to provide new strategies and theoretical basis for preventing and controlling parasitic diseases. We provide flexible and versatile research solutions to meet the different research needs of our clients.

Service Options for Skin Parasite-Host Interaction Study

1. 16S-seq and macro-genome sequencing

We offer technical services such as 16S-seq and macro-genome sequencing to understand the diversity and function of the microbiota that colonize the skin and parasites. Symbiotic microbiota is important for maintaining epithelial homeostasis and overall tissue health, but when the mechanical action of parasites damages the skin barrier, symbiotic/specific/unknown microbiota may be involved in regulating biological processes such as immune responses. Exploring microbial diversity has important theoretical and practical implications for studying the relationship between microbes and the parasite-host environment, pathogenic factors, and disease treatment.

Also, we can provide dual RNA-seq service for analyzing biological issues such as symbiotic mechanisms among skin parasite-host-microbe, parasite pathogenesis and host resistance/susceptibility mechanism, physiological adaptation and molecular response, pathogenic bacteria, and host immunity.

2. Y1H and Y2H

We provide technical services for yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) systems for the study of the pathogenesis of virulence factors between skin parasites and hosts, screening for galactose lectin interactions, etc.

yeast one-hybrid technique is widely used to study the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells, to identify DNA binding sites between skin parasites and hosts, to discover potential binding protein genes, to analyze DNA binding structural domain information, etc. The membrane protein yeast two-hybrid system allows screening for protein interactions between skin parasites and hosts. The nuclear protein yeast two-hybrid technique is simple, sensitive, and can reflect the real situation of protein interactions in living cells, which can be used for the screening of skin parasite and host interaction proteins, identification/validation of protein interactions, investigation of protein interaction mechanism, protein chain mapping, etc.

Sample Types

• For 16S-seq and macro-genome sequencing or dual RNA-seq services, samples can be skin parasites, fresh host tissue, etc.
• For Y1H and Y2H, different samples are required depending on the service items. The details are as follows.

Service items	Y1H	Y2H
Library construction	tissue/cell	tissue/cell
Library screening	promoter gene sequence/plasmid	protein sequence/gene sequence/plasmid

Service Details

• Service fee: please get it through online inquiry.

Our Advantages

• For Y1H results, we can provide EMSA and dual fluorophore enzyme assay services for further validation, which takes about 30 and 40 working days respectively.
• For Y2H test results, we can provide Co-lP and GST pull-down services for further verification. It takes about 20 working days for both.
• One-stop auxiliary testing is convenient and fast, and reliable experimental conclusions are obtained.

• Parasitology discovery and pre-research service
• Parasitology metabolism research service
• Parasitology target and structure function research
• Parasitology effectiveness evaluation service
• Parasitology safety evaluation service
• Parasitology pharmacological research service